What Is An 808? Understanding The Iconic Sound

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What is an 808? Understanding the Iconic Sound

The 808, guys, is more than just a number; it's a sound. Specifically, it refers to the Roland TR-808 Rhythm Composer, a drum machine that has had an outsized influence on modern music, particularly hip-hop, trap, and electronic genres. Understanding what an 808 is requires a bit of a dive into its history, its unique sonic characteristics, and how it's used in music production today. So, let's break it down and get a grip on this iconic sound.

The Origins of the 808

To truly appreciate the 808, we gotta rewind back to the early 1980s. The Roland Corporation, a Japanese manufacturer of electronic musical instruments, introduced the TR-808 in 1980. Its full name, the TR-808 Rhythm Composer, gives you a clue about its intended purpose: to allow musicians to create drum patterns and rhythms without needing a live drummer. Back then, electronic drum machines were still relatively new, and the 808 was aimed at providing a cost-effective and convenient alternative to traditional drums.

However, the 808 didn't exactly take the music world by storm right away. Initially, it wasn't a commercial success. Why? Well, its sounds weren't particularly realistic compared to actual acoustic drums. The drum machine market at the time was leaning towards emulating real drum sounds, and the 808's distinct, electronic tones didn't quite fit that bill. Roland even discontinued the TR-808 in 1983, just three years after its release. But as fate would have it, this wasn't the end of the 808's story; it was just the beginning of its legendary journey.

The Sound of the 808: What Makes It Unique?

Okay, so what exactly does an 808 sound like? The most recognizable sound from the 808 is its bass drum. Unlike acoustic bass drums that produce a punchy, relatively short sound, the 808 bass drum is characterized by its deep, booming, and often distorted low-end frequencies. It can sustain for a noticeable duration, creating a powerful, resonant thump that can be felt as much as it's heard.

Beyond the bass drum, the 808 also includes other drum sounds, such as:

  • Snare drum: A sharp, electronic-sounding snare, often layered or processed to add more character.
  • Hi-hats: Both open and closed hi-hat sounds, with a metallic, synthesized quality.
  • Cymbal: A crash cymbal sound, also with a synthetic flavor.
  • Clap: An electronic handclap sound, frequently used to add rhythmic accents.
  • Tom: Low and high tom sounds, contributing to drum fills and patterns.
  • Cowbell: A quirky, percussive sound that has found its way into various genres.

What sets the 808 apart isn't just the individual sounds but also their overall character. The 808 sounds are synthetic, electronic, and somewhat artificial, which gives them a distinctive flavor. These sounds can be easily manipulated, processed, and tuned, making them highly versatile for music producers.

The 808's Rise to Fame

So, how did this initially unsuccessful drum machine become one of the most iconic sounds in modern music? The answer lies in the hands of innovative musicians and producers who recognized the potential of the 808's unique sonic palette. As the 1980s progressed, the 808 found its way into the hands of hip-hop pioneers and electronic music experimentalists. These artists embraced the 808's unconventional sounds and started incorporating them into their tracks.

One of the earliest and most influential uses of the 808 was in the burgeoning hip-hop scene. Artists like Afrika Bambaataa, with his track "Planet Rock," and producers like Rick Rubin, who used the 808 on early Beastie Boys records, helped introduce the 808's sound to a wider audience. The 808's deep bass and rhythmic capabilities proved to be a perfect fit for hip-hop's evolving sound.

As hip-hop grew, so did the 808's influence. Producers started experimenting with tuning the 808 bass drum to create melodic basslines, adding another dimension to its use. This technique became a signature element in many hip-hop and R&B tracks. The 808 also found its way into other genres, including electro, techno, and pop music, further solidifying its status as a go-to drum machine for producers across the musical spectrum.

808s in Modern Music Production

Fast forward to today, and the 808 remains a staple in modern music production. While the original Roland TR-808 drum machine is a sought-after piece of vintage gear, its sounds have been widely sampled and emulated in software and hardware instruments. You can find 808 sounds in virtually every digital audio workstation (DAW) and virtual instrument plugin.

The use of 808s has also evolved. Producers often process and manipulate 808 sounds to create unique and impactful textures. This can involve techniques like:

  • Distortion: Adding distortion or overdrive to the 808 bass drum to create a more aggressive and gritty sound.
  • EQ: Shaping the frequency content of the 808 to make it sit well in the mix and enhance its presence.
  • Compression: Controlling the dynamics of the 808 to make it punchier and more consistent.
  • Layering: Combining multiple 808 sounds or layering them with other instruments to create complex textures.
  • Pitch-shifting: Tuning the 808 to create melodic basslines or add harmonic interest.

In contemporary hip-hop, trap, and R&B, the 808 is often used as the primary bass instrument, providing the foundation for the entire track. Its deep, resonant basslines and hard-hitting drum sounds have become synonymous with these genres. The 808's influence can also be heard in pop, electronic, and even rock music, showcasing its enduring appeal and versatility.

Why the 808 Still Matters

So, why does the 808 continue to be relevant in today's music landscape? There are several factors that contribute to its enduring popularity:

  • Unique Sound: The 808's distinct, electronic sounds are unlike anything else. Its deep bass, sharp snares, and quirky percussion offer a sonic palette that's both recognizable and versatile.
  • Versatility: The 808 can be used in a wide range of genres and styles. Whether you're making hip-hop, trap, electronic music, or pop, the 808 can be adapted to fit your needs.
  • Impact: The 808 has a visceral impact that's hard to deny. Its deep bass can move a crowd and add energy to a track.
  • Tradition: The 808 has a rich history and a legacy that's deeply intertwined with the development of modern music. Using the 808 connects you to that history and allows you to build on the work of generations of musicians and producers.

In conclusion, the 808 is more than just a drum machine; it's a cultural icon. Its unique sounds, versatility, and impact have made it an essential tool for musicians and producers around the world. Whether you're a seasoned pro or just starting out, understanding the 808 is key to navigating the world of modern music production. So, dive in, experiment, and discover the power of the 808 for yourself!